A Brave New World by Aldous Huxley - 614 Words

Humans live their day-to-day life searching for something that makes them truly happy. What if someone were to tell you that what you thought was true happiness was all an illusion. In a Brave New World by Aldous Huxley people in the world state are conditioned and drugged up by soma to not experience true happiness. In a world that is perfect, human beings do not have to depend on drugs to keep our world in balance. In a Brave New World by Aldous Huxley there is always a perfect drug called soma that keeps everyone happy, which they have based their society on. This drug makes everyone want the same thing and they always look forward to their next dose. While accomplishing their particular jobs these people are made to be happy from the very beginning. We also predestine and condition. We decant out babies as socialized human beings, as Alphas or Epsilons, as future sewage workers or future Directors of Hatcheries’’ (Huxley 13). The soma is the type of drug that helps the society to keep everything moving. Listen, I beg of you. Lend me your ears... Dont take that horrible stuff. Its poison, its poison’’ (Huxley 211). The savage showed us a different side of soma. The savage was born to an actual woman and not conditioned and has opinions about how soma is indeed not helping the society. Having the drug soma fulfills the needs of people, which they were taught, to desire. People have pleasure whenever they feel like it and soma helps with jobs they need to complete.Show MoreRelatedA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley668 Words   |  3 PagesIn Brave New World, there are similarities that have a deeper meaning that we can understand. There are personal effects in Aldous Huxley life that contribute to what he has written in the book. Aldous Huxley throughout his life have seen, done, and events have happened to him, just like all of us, but he has expressed it in his book. So when Aldous wrote the he had so many ideas. I have read the book; it’s notRead MoreBrave New World by Aldous Huxley811 Words   |  3 Pages Brave New World is based around characters who gave up the right of freedom for happiness; characters who ignored the truth so that they could live in a utopian civilization. The deceiving happiness was a constant reminder throughout the book. Almost every character in Brave New World did whatever they could to avoid facing the truth about their own situations. In this society, happiness is not compatible with the truth because the World State believes that happiness was at the expense of theRead MoreBrave New World By Aldous Huxley1525 Words   |  7 PagesA Brave New Feminist The novel Brave New World written by Aldous Huxley in 1932 is known for its social satire, utopian values, and unusual standpoints on stereotypical gender roles. In this time where futuristic technology has completely taken over, and men and women are given the same opportunities for everything, â€Å"the genders appear equal within the social order; both men and women work at the same jobs, have equal choice in sexual partners, and participate in the same leisure pursuits† (MarchRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley664 Words   |  3 Pagesfor the fact being in the future and in the past time has changed and many differences were made. In his Dystopian Society Huxley portrays masses of niches where the government produces clones for specific reasons. Huxley decides throughout Brave New World that cloning humans is unethical. He then becomes in contact with the society’s most powerful Alphas and Betas clones. Huxley suggest in BNW that lower class groups in clo ning humans to act like servants to terrorize them into working hard conditionsRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley1189 Words   |  5 Pages In the world of sex, drugs, and baby cloning you are going to be in many situations where you feel like the world we live in should be different. In the story Brave New World, they had sex with multiple partners along with a very bad use of drugs. It is weird that Aldous Huxley wrote this book in 1931 about the world he was living in during that time and how it is similar to the world we live in today. Nowadays, drugs are still being used and people are still engaging in sexual encounters withRead MoreBrave New World By Aldous Huxley968 Words   |  4 PagesAldous Huxley’s utopia in Brave New World foreshadowed and illuminated the complications within modern day society. Upon its release, the narrative became widely banned all over the United States due to the unorthodox thoughts and actions of multiple characters in it. Early readers, as well as modern day audiences, feared and rejected the ideals that Huxley incorporated into his perfect society; however, our society today is heading towards the dark paths the older generations desired to avoid. Read MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley895 Words   |  4 Pagesthe novel Brave New World, Aldous Huxley tells of a society where everyone is the same but, compared to t oday’s society, everything is different. Huxley tells of a world where everything that happens or takes place is because of one’s own desire and nothing more. The hero in the novel, a â€Å"savage† named John, is Huxley’s main focal point. It is through his eyes and mind that the reader sees what’s going on. Now when I read this novel, I began to think, â€Å"Could this perfect, conformed world actuallyRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley1684 Words   |  7 Pagesimperfect world and is usually only a hopeful dream. These types of worlds can greatly be described in detail through the world of science fiction. Aldous Huxley was an English writer who lived during a time when war and chaos were engulfing the world. His works reflect his view and thoughts on a dystopia, which is a false utopia, and describes what could occur in possible governments of the world. The ability to understand and dive into the thoughts of the author is what make s world literatureRead MoreA Brave New World by Aldous Huxley948 Words   |  4 PagesWelcome to a world were â€Å"Brave† is not just a word; It has a true meaning. This is a story were everything as you know it, doesn’t seem to be right and will completely change your way of thinking. When this story was written, life was very harsh for many people†¦.Mostly for the author who wrote â€Å"Brave New World† During this time (1930s) they didn’t have much sexual content Living The Future Of The Past In The Present†¦.. In the air; But Aldous made a future full of sex for them and we are theRead MoreBrave New World By Aldous Huxley1016 Words   |  5 Pages Brave New World shares a variety of similarities and differences with today’s society like drug use, love and marriage, religion, and technology. This novel explains the way at which a government was made to create a perfect society. This society was divided into five different classes. Each class held a different role or responsibility in the government, similar to our government today. Although this â€Å"perfect† society was created, it turned out to have many flaws. Some individuals, like Bernard

Americas War on Terror Essay - 1677 Words

With the September 11 terrorist attacks in New York City, the United States adopted radical changes to its foreign policy and its response to terrorist threat. With the swift implementation of the USA PATRIOT Act shortly after the attacks (Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act), and intervention in Afghanistan, the United States had begun its War on Terror. This war was shepherded by then President George W. Bush. These actions marked the beginning of the War on Terror, and laid the groundwork for the problems experienced by the Obama administration almost ten years later. The USA PATRIOT Act was a statute designed to unburden law enforcement agencies from privacy†¦show more content†¦conduct in the ‘war on terror,’ especially the use of Guantanamo to circumvent legal protections of the rights of prisoners detained there† (Lowenthal 2009: 19). The United States initiated Operation Iraqi Freedom on 20 March 2003, without NATO approval, beginning with targeted bombing of Iraq, and soon a full-scale invasion. This has proved to become an unpopular war, for some because of the motivations behind it or because of the perceived lack of progress in Iraq, attributed to â€Å"enemy body counts and casualty ratio data† which â€Å"is quantifiable and commonly viewed by the public as a reasonable indicator of success (or, more likely, failure)† (Boettcher and Cobb 2006: 833). It also damaged the United States’ international standing because the war in Afghanistan â€Å"was followed by the deeply controversial Iraqi war of shock and awe which fractured the international legal order so carefully crafted in the crucible of Lake Success in 1945† (Steyn 2004: 7). To the present day, the United States remains engaged in Afghanistan and Iraq; and continues to operate military camps outside of legal jurisdiction in Guantanamo Bay. These actions and decisions have formed the cornerstone of the USA’s response to terrorism. Barack Obama was elected President of the United States in the 2008 election, promising to close Guantanamo Bay’s military camps and provide a timeline for the withdrawal of troops from Iraq. Both of these promises are yet to be met, however theShow MoreRelatedPresident Obama s Foreign Policy758 Words   |  4 PagesLindsay (2011), President Bush’s foreign policy was dominated, first by the ‘war on terror’, and second by his ‘freedom agenda.’ This suggests that President Bush’s foreign policy was largely driven by ideology. Lindsay (2011:766) argues that during the war on terror â€Å"fighting terrorism became not just a priority, but the priority† of American foreign policy. The war on terror was the rationale behind America’s decisions to go to war with Afghanistan and Iraq. According to Lindsay (2011), America invadedRead MoreCharles Krauthammer The 9 / 11 Synthesis Summary840 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"The 9/11 â€Å"Overreaction†? Nonsense.†, Charles Krauthammer selects the supporting side of The United States of America’s reaction to the terrorist attack of September 11th, 2001. Throughout the essay, Krauthammer succeeds in persuading his target audience of conservatives and general Americans that not only was Americas reaction to the 9/11 terrorist attack justified, but it also brought adequate results. Krauthammer utilizes various strategies such as the rhetorical triangle, stylistic techniquesRead MoreTaken Hostage By David Farber1083 Words   |  5 Pagesinforms us of America’s first encounter with radical Islam and what had caused the conflict between them. For four hundred and forty-four days, President Carter tried to put effort into resolving the issues but he failed on releasing the hostages. Since the American people paid close attention to this issue, they were highly disappointed with President Carter and his processes. From our class lectures and throughout the tensions illustrated in Farber’s book, we learn of how the role of Cold War policy hadRead MoreGeorge W. Bush s Foreign Policy Successful1601 Words   |  7 Pagesthe foundation of America. These acts shatter steel, but they cannot dent the steel American resolve† - George. W. Bush Prior to World War I, the United States’ foreign policy remained predominantly isolated. However, upon the end of the war, American foreign policy saw a pragmatic shift from its original isolationistic nature to XXXXX . America’s policy then was calling for American to avoid entangling political alliance. The new policy of the United States differed from the original inRead MoreChomsky And The War On Terror1277 Words   |  6 Pagespolitical commentator, social justice activist, and anarcho-syndicalist advocate does an elaborate job in his speech given at Harvard University, to make us question if there really is a war on terror. Chomsky calls everybody a hypocrite and uses the U.S. Army Manual definition of terrorism to argue that there can’t be a war on terrorism because the U.S. is also a terrorist group itself. We can’t fight something if we ourselves do that same thing. Chomsky backs up his claim with many pieces of evidenceRead MoreThe United States And The Islamic State Of Iraq1080 Words   |  5 PagesSuccessful nations allow conflict to arise within and outside of the nation. War is the offspring of such political intercourse. The intention to gain power and control serve as enablers for national and international wars. Attaining power and control expand potential competition from a regional to a global level. The United States have involved itself in such terrorists attacks due to the desire to possess such resources, power and control. The Islamic State of Iraq also commonly known as ‘ISIS’Read MoreThe Realism Theory Of The War On Afghanistan1648 Words   |  7 Pagesthe realism theory in examining the War in Afghanistan. For example, realism explicitly applies to relations between nations and consequently, war between countries. This was not the case, since the war did and still does not involve conflict between America and Afghanistan. Rather the war was between America and the Taliban government that sup ported the infamous terror group, al Qaeda. For this reason, realist theory does not explain this highly controversial war. Another aspect that contravenes realismRead MoreAmerica Is A Great Nation959 Words   |  4 Pagesnumbers don’t feel like people. With numbers, comes distance. To truly understand the severity of any situation, we must take in account the statistics and numbers. But we cannot forget what is precious. On September 11th, 2001, a horrific act of terror struck our nation to the core. Fear, devastating and humbling, lodged into our blessed lives. Over 2,800 American civilians were murdered in cold blood when two planes were hijacked and flown directly into the twin towers (Anderson 3). This atrociousRead MoreThe Us Strategy For Winning The Global War On Terrorism1157 Words   |  5 PagesIn light of this, it should be mentioned that â€Å"the US strategy for winning the Global War on Terrorism is predicated on creating an international environment inhospitable to terrorists and all those who support them† (Fogarty 2001). Meaning, that the fight against terrorism heavily relies on international cooperation. In order to achieve such a feat, nevertheless, America must be amiable by fellow governments and their citizens. Unfortunately, the reports and findings on GTMO makes it increasinglyRead MoreThe War On Terrorism During The United States871 Words   |  4 PagesThe war on te rrorism in the United States began after the September 11 attacks on the United States. Following the war was a series of military campaigns carried out to destroy terrorist organizations in the Middle-East. Led by the George W. Bush administration, America made goals for the war on terror to defeat main targets and terrorist leaders such as Osama bin Laden. The invasion of the Middle-East was supported by the American people at first. After three more years Saddam Hussein’s weapons

Professional Capacity Building

Question: Discuss about theProfessional Capacity Building. Answer: Introduction This professional capacity building shows the pathway that I would like to follow to achieve my objective of becoming a professional nurse. It provides an overview of my strengths and opportunities. It further identifies the weaknesses and threats that I am likely to be faced with in my attempt of achieving the goals (Allen, Himmelfarb, Szanton, 2003/2004). In addition, it provides a list of objectives that I would like to achieve over the five-year period to succeed in my dream of becoming a professional community nurse practitioner. Further, still, this document provides a clear description of my critical thinking and analysis that supports the rational that I have the dream of becoming a community nurse (Holzemer Klainberg, 2014). Requirements to become a community health nurse A community nurse must be registered in the first case and must have done a community health course or a postgraduate degree in nursing. I intend to register for a post graduate degree in the shortest time possible so as to acquire skills that would enable me to be registered as a nurse by the Australian Board of Nursing and Midwifery. I would then be able to undertake the duties of a community health nurse (Basavanthappa, 2008). I would like to express my love for the community and the nursing profession at the same time. As a result, training to become a professional community health nurse would be the best way in which I would be able to accomplish my dream. Community health nurses educate community members and at the same time offer nursing practice to them (Hitchcock, Schubert, Sue, 2003). The focus of the community health nurses is to improve the health of family members in the assigned community. I look forward to doing the same role (Loman, D, Cinton, 2009). Besides, there is a high demand for community nurses. I would, therefore, love to fill in the vacancies that are in place. I understand quite well that the job is challenging and rewarding in equal measures. However, I believe in myself, and I am equal to the task (Jaruseviciene, Liseckiene, Valius, Kontrimiene, 2013). Need of Role in the Future There is a need for the community members' health needs to be met. It is my desire too to ensure that the needs of the people regarding health are fully met. It is also necessary for the increased demand for community health workers to be met. At the same time, it is necessary for health awareness to be improved. I will work together with other renowned healthcare team members in the provision of high-quality services to the community members (Lundy Janes, 2009). Critical Thinking and Analysis First, I would rehearse so as to be able to provide safe healthcare to community members in the most ideal and appropriate evidence; Second, I intend to undertake exercises that would improve my experts in the community health practice; And, third, I also look ahead to demonstrate my ability to conduct research in the field of community healthcare. At the same time, I recognize the research work that has been conducted in the field of community health. References Allen, J. K., Himmelfarb, D., Szanton, C. R. (2003/2004). Cost-effectiveness of nurse Practitioner/Community health worker care to reduce cardiovascular health disparities. The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing,, 308-314. Basavanthappa, B. (2008). Community Health Nursing. Jaypee Brothers Publishers,. Dunham, F., Lamarand, K. (2010). Community Nurse Practitioners:Roles and Scopes of Practice. Graduate Nursing EDU. (2015). Community Nurse Practitioner What is a nurse practitioner. Graduate Nursing EDU. Hitchcock, J. E., Schubert, P. E., Sue, A. T. (2003). Community Health Nursing: Caring in Action, Volume 1. Cengage Learning. Holzemer, S. P., Klainberg, M. (2014). Community Health Nursing. Jones Bartlett Publishers,. Jaruseviciene, L., Liseckiene, I., Valius, L., Kontrimiene, A. J. (2013). Teamwork in primary care: Perspectives of general practitioners and community nurses in lithuania. BMC Family Practice, 14(1), 118-118. doi:10.1186/1471-2296-14-118. Loman, D, G., Cinton, P. (2009). Community Nurse Practitioner: Practice opportunities and challenges. The Australian Nursing Journal, 157(4)., P. 526-527. Lundy, K. S., Janes, S. (2009). Community Health Nursing. Jones Bartlett Learning. MacDonald, J. M. (2005). Combination model of care for community nurse practitioners. British Journal of Nursing,, 1144-1148. .

Puppy Love free essay sample

Oh how I do miss that love which fills the air with exciting new romances and new imagery to gaze upon. â€Å"Puppy Love† in my opinion defines the start of a new relationship at a young age, and goose bumps. Age, to begin, has a great influence on â€Å"Puppy Love’’. I recall those days when my mother forbid me to see a particular boy named Bryan. He was a tall athlete that enjoyed walking though the park with our hands held tight eating only one cotton candy stick together. I believe that I was 12 which made it so innocent. Usually young aged love is the one you fanaticize and day dream about the most. When an adult falls madly in love, they usually loose site and feel for the true excitement and satisfaction of meeting someone for the first time and actually not being afraid to pursue a conversation with them. We will write a custom essay sample on Puppy Love or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As kids, they just say, †Hey, do u wanna play? † The conversation just continues to grow as time passes. New experiences, secondly, give great enthusiasm. When a child, â€Å"puppy love† is something new, this makes it exciting and encouraging. New experiences form an evolution of life and an understanding of how love really is. Finally, feeling is the most important aspect of â€Å"Puppy Love†. Feeling gives purpose. Usually the feeling is formed when love goes into action whether it would be in a room full of people who may seem obnoxious and you find that single individual that is straight forward and tells you â€Å" Hey, would you like to have dinner with me tonight? † Feeling is deciding to say yes to just to ignore that highly polite person which filled your stomach up with goose bumps. As you can see, â€Å"Puppy Love† is a way to express a feeling worthwhile and to define an experience that may last you a lifetime.

How You Would Develop An Attitude Measure Using Either The Thurstone Method Or The Likert Method Essays

How You Would Develop An Attitude Measure Using Either The Thurstone Method Or The Likert Method Essays How You Would Develop An Attitude Measure Using Either The Thurstone Method Or The Likert Method Paper How You Would Develop An Attitude Measure Using Either The Thurstone Method Or The Likert Method Paper Essay Topic: As You Like it Sociology There is no single, universally accepted definition of attitude. However, several authors seem to agree that attitude may be thought of in terms of a tendency to evaluate a stimulus with some degree of favour of disfavour, usually expressed in cognitive, affective, or behavioural responses (Watkins, Christopher Attitude Measurement: A Methodological Approach. Unpublished Essay). Thurstone is considered the father of attitude measurement. He addressed the issue of how favourable an individual is with regard of a given issue. He developed an attitude continuum to determine the position of favourability on the issue. In 1932, Likert developed the method of summated ratings (or Likerts scale), which is still widely used. The Likert scale requires that individuals tick on a box to report whether they strongly agree, agree, are undecided, disagree, or strongly disagree, in response to a large number of items concerning an attitude object or stimulus. In 1944, Guttman suggested multidimensional scales, as opposed to one-dimensional scales such as those developed by Thurstone and Likert, should measure that attitude. Guttman pointed out that there should be a multidimensional view of the attitude construct; he developed the Scalogram Analysis, Cumulative Scaling, or as usually called, Guttman scaling. The major characteristic of this scale is that the responses to one item help predict the responses to other items. For instance, if the individual responds negatively to the item I like oranges, he is not likely to respond positively to the item Oranges are great for breakfast. Later on, Osgood, Suci, and Tannenbaum developed the Semantic Differential Technique, which is widespread today. Other methods have been developed since. What it is important to point out is that each development has resulted in an extension of the attitude construct, there appear to be a lot of commonalities among the different methods. Thurstone is the social psychologist who first created attitude-measurement methodology. Thurstone scales are still the main way to measure attitude. Thurstones method involved defining and identifying the object, then making a pool of opinion statements, some positive, some negative, some neutral. Thurstone developed 3 scales for measuring attitude. * Paired Comparisons This method requires that attitude comparisons be paired in every possible combination. Since 20 statements will result in the judging of 190 pairs, this method is a lot of work. * Equal-appearing intervals. Judges sort statements one at a time on a range of extremely favourable to extremely unfavourable. It is much like Likert scaling, but neutral items are required to incorporate the entire spectrum of attitude about an object. * Successive intervals. This is an extension to the equal-appearing intervals scaling. It tries to statistically place items on a continuum instead of relying on subjective answers given by judges. It uses the number of times different judges rate a statement to develop the rank order for the scales. I will be focusing on using the Thurstone method to develop my attitude measurement. The Thurstone procedure for scaling attitudes has been developed out of the principles of psychophysics. While the individualisation of the attitude has been documented elsewhere it is notable that Thurstone recognised the potential of a metric scaling of attitudes which give descriptions of and comparisons between social categories. He outlined four uses of mean values on a scale: 1. The average or mean attitude of a particular individual on the issue at stake. 2. The range of opinion that the individual is willing to accept or tolerate. 3. The relative popularity of each attitude of the scale for a designated group as shown by the frequency distribution for that group 4. The degree of homogeneity or heterogeneity on the issues as shown by the spread or dispersion of its frequency distribution. The first two uses focus on the individual and the second two on the social representations. Commenting on a comparative judgemental task Thurstone says that the results describe as much a group of respondents as the groups view of the stimulus. Scale values, he argued, could also be used to compare several different groups in their attitudes on a disputed issue. I will be applying my discussion on the topic of legalisation of cannabis. This issue is and always has been debated by almost everyone who knows about drugs. Attitudes of people have changed either for or against legalisation and I will hope to devise a scale which measures these attitudes. As stated earlier, I will be basing my scale on the Thurstone method as this is seen to be more reliable than the Likert scale. When Olympic officials decided to give snowboarder Ross Rebagliati (Olympic Gold Medallist 1998) his gold medal back, the cheers drowned out the boos. It was a minor scandal involving a minor sport, but it spoke volumes about the worlds shifting relationship with its favourite illicit drug. Marijuana. A decade ago, Rebagliati would have been ostracized regardless of whether cannabis was on the list of his sports banned substances. What has changed today is that our attitudes towards illegal drugs are becoming more sophisticated and discriminating. After thirty years of research into the harmful effects of cannabis, there can be no hidden dangers left to discover. We know that it is plain nonsense to regard cannabis as a performance-enhancing drug, just as it is a myth to think the substance rots the brain or leads inexorably to harder substances. The issue of cannabis legalization has been debated ever since the substance was made illegal on April 14, 1937. The issue remains as alive and debatable today as it has ever been. The publics growing fascination and acceptance of this plant adds fuel to the fire of the controversy. There are many questions that still need to be answered in the realm of cannabis legalization, and pressure to find those answers is another thing that fuels the debate over decriminalisation. The pressure for legislation reform is not specific to any demographic location. All ages, races, and sexes have argued it. There are those that argue for the medical legalization, economical legalization, and of course, recreational legalization. Those that lobby for reform carry large amounts of statistical evidence and personal testimony to show the beneficial elements of this plant. The push for marijuana reform has come from doctors and lawyers as well as skateboard toting teens. Those that push for the decriminalisation of marijuana base their arguments on a number of proven facts, refuted opposing arguments, and positive personal experiences. There are some groups that support the removal of all penalties for the private possession and responsible use of marijuana by adults, cultivation for personal use, and the casual non-profit transfers of small amounts. They back their arguments with claims like: Cannabis has proven to be addictive to a very small portion of the overall user population, and when put in contrast with other addictive over-the-counter drugs (such as alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine), the addictive potential of cannabis is far below those accepted levels. Marijuana supporters also argue that its been in use (documented) for 5,000 years and during that span there hasnt been one single documented overdose case. Still others argue for the medicinal use of marijuana. The anti-marijuana campaigners project that the legalization of marijuana will lead to a breakdown of moral fibres, which leads to the legalization of other drugs, which leads to increased crime, which leads to tremendous amounts of money spent, which leads to distrust of the legal system, which leads to anarchy. They argue, our society couldnt survive and function with the legalization of this drug. The fallacy is represented by the anti-legalisationists in the fact that evidence does prove that societies can thrive and prosper with marijuana being legal. Using the Thurstone method, below I have created a number of statements (items) to do with the issue of legalisation of cannabis. I have divided the items below into four categories (factors) Value Judgement, Attitudes towards experimentation with drugs, Legalisation of drug use and Attitudes of others toward drug use. Each item is to be read by the respondent and then the respondent will have to give the statement a rating out of 11. Giving the item a mark of 11 will indicate that the respondent strongly agrees with the statement, on the other hand, giving a mark of 1 would indicate that the respondent very strongly disagrees with the statement.

Personal Subject Pronouns in Spanish

Personal Subject Pronouns in Spanish Spanish pronouns are usually used much like their English counterparts. The biggest difference is that subject pronouns (ones used to tell who or what is performing the action of the main verb in a sentence) can be omitted where theyre required in English. In other words, subject pronouns in Spanish are used primarily for clarity or emphasis. The 12 Personal Subject Pronouns of Spanish yo - Ità º - you (singular familiar)usted - you (singular formal)à ©l, ella - he, shenosotros, nosotras - wevosotros, vosotras - you (plural familiar)ustedes - you (plural formal)ellos, ellas - they These are called personal subject pronouns to distinguish them from the demonstrative pronouns, the equivalent of words such as this and those. There is also a subject pronoun ello, which can be the rough equivalent of it, but it is rarely used. Note that even though à ©l, ella, ellos, and ellas usually refer to people or animals, they can on occasion refer to inanimate objects, with the pronoun matching the grammatical gender of the object or objects being referred to. Vosotros and vosotras are seldom used in most of Latin America, where ustedes can be used even when talking with close friends or children. How To Use or Omit Subject Pronouns Because verb conjugation often suggests who or what the subject of a sentence is, one can properly leave out the subject pronoun or put it at various places in the sentence. Voy a la escuela, yo voy a la escuela, voy yo a la escuela, and voy a la escuela yo are all grammatically correct ways of saying I am going to the school (although the final option would be highly uncommon except if said for poetic effect). But the placement of the pronoun can make a difference in how the sentence is understood. To see how these pronouns are used, examine the sentences below. Subject pronouns, where used, are in boldface: Mi hermano es muy inteligente. Es doctor. (My brother is intelligent. He  is a doctor.) - No subject pronoun is needed in the second sentence, because the subject of the sentence is made clear by the context and the verb form.Mis mejores amigos se llaman Roberto, Ahmad y Suzanne. Son estudiantes. (My best friends are Roberto, Ahmad, and Suzanne. They are students.) - The pronoun is unnecessary in the second Spanish sentence and normally wouldnt be used becauses it is clear who is being referred to.Es fcil comprender el libro. (It is easy to understand the book.) - No pronoun is used to translate an impersonal use of it.Mi hermano y su esposa son inteligentes. Él es doctor, y ella es abogada. (My brother and his wife are intelligent. He is a doctor, and she is a lawyer.) - In this case, the subject pronouns à ©l and ella are used  for clarity.Tà º, ella y yo vamos al cine. (You, she,  and I are going to the movies.) - Note that in this construction the first-person pl ural form of the verb (the one that would be used with the equivalent of we) is used. Thus it is possible to use that verb form without using the pronoun nosotros. Hazlo. (Do it.) Hazlo tà º. (You do it.) - In a command such as this, the addition of the subject often has a similar effect to its use in English. Although grammatically not necessary, the addition of the subject serves to place additional emphasis on the subject.Ella canta bien. (She sings well.) Canta bien ella. She sings well. - The pronoun would be used in the first sentence if theres no context to clearly indicate who is being talked about. By placing ella at the end of the second sentence, the speaker is placing a strong emphasis on the pronoun. The emphasis in the second sentence is on the singer and not the singing. ¿Vas a salir? (Are you leaving?)  ¿Vas a salir tà º? (Are you leaving?) - The first sentence is a simple, uninflected question. But the second one, by adding the subject at the end of sentence, is placing a strong emphasis on the person leaving. One possible translation might be Are even you leaving? Or one might render the English as Are you leaving? wi th a stress or emphasis on you. Nunca va ella al centro. (She never goes downtown.) Ya ha salido à ©l. (He has already left.) - It is common when certain adverbs start a sentence to immediately follow the adverb with the verb, followed by the subject. No special emphasis on the subject is intended. Adverbs often used this way include nunca, ya, bastante, and quizs.- Te amo, dijo à ©l. - Tambià ©n te amo, respondià ³ ella. (I love you, he said. I love you too, she responded.) - When reporting what people have said, it is common to use the subject pronoun after verbs such as decir (to say), preguntar (to ask), and responder (to reply). No special emphasis on the speaker is intended. (Note: The dashes in the Spanish sentences are a type of quotation mark.)

Application of Ethical Theory to a Case Study Vignette Essay

Application of Ethical Theory to a Case Study Vignette - Essay Example The essay begins with that most ethical decisions possess enough clarity for individuals to decide on their course of action rather easily. This is because most of these issues often pit wrong against right. Deciding on whether to embezzle company money, for example, is not a real ethical dilemma since this is stealing. However, things can become murky when there is more than one vital responsibility, right, or value. In this case, one has to choose one unpleasant alternative. This can be defined as an ethical dilemma, where more than one value can be defined as right, thus causing a conflict. The firm, in response to a difficult economic climate, has taken a decision to restructure, which will involve selling off one less profitable operation and streamlining most of its support functions. Inevitably, this will cause compulsory layoffs at the firm. As part of the team working on this plan, Jagdeep knows that the plan is a top secret because it is price sensitive. Hannah is a colleag ue of his who also happens to be a former college-mate, and they often have drinks after work. Hannah, in charge of a five-member team, is eager to hear about the restructuring progress from Jagdeep over drinks one day, wanting to know if her team will be affected. This is of particular importance to her since she is very concerned for her employees and knows of their personal plans, such as two members who plan to take substantial new mortgages. Jagdeep finds himself in a dilemma, as he knows that two of her members are on the redundancy list. Jagdeep faces a real ethical dilemma. Two right values creating a conflict for Jagdeep in making this decision are loyalty and truthfulness. As the case shows, telling a friend the truth would show disloyalty to the firm that pays his perks and treats him well. The paper explores theoretical approaches to making ethical decisions. The approaches are not perfect and may lead to differing conclusions. Using various approaches will help Jagdeep think comprehensively and carefully about various dilemmas and to prevent him from coming to accident-prone conclusions. At the least, Jagdeep can have a degree of satisfaction from thinking thoroughly about the issue and analyzing it from all possible angles. Jagdeep can also explain the process of decision making if asked by both parties in the future. Consequentialist Theory The consequatialist theory can also be referred to as the teleological theory (Banks, 2011: p34). When Jagdeep is attempting to decide on whether telling Hannah is wrong o r right, the theory puts more focus on the consequence of the action or decision. One the best-known Consequentialist theory is utilitarianism. According to utilitarianism, ethical decisions need to maximize societal benefits, as well as minimize any harm it may cause. In this theory, what is of importance is the net balance the good consequences over those that are bad, overall. The utilitarian approach to Jagdeep’s dilemma would involve the identification of all affected stakeholders in the situation and seeking alternative action and the consequences, benefits and harms, for each stakeholder. A stakeholder is understandably any individual or group of individuals that have a stake with the restructuring plan at Jagdeep’s firm. In Jagdeep’s situation, this includes his friend Hannah, Hannah’s colleagues, his boss, Jagdeep himself, other co-workers, and the firm. The list is quite long, making the consequences even far-reaching, whether he told Hannah abo ut the laying off, of her team members or not. The Consequentialist approach needs Jagdeep to perform a mental calculation of all benefits and harms of the resulting consequences, considering each stakeholder individually (Griseri & Seppala, 2010: p46). What would be the consequence of Jagdeep telling Hannah what he knows of the lay-off? What