Measuring a Nation’s Income

Part 23 Measuring a Nation's Income TRUE/FALSE 1. In long periods of monetary compression, firms all through the economy increment their creation of merchandise and ventures, business rises, and occupations are anything but difficult to track down. ANS:FDIF:1REF:23-0 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial matters and meanings of financial matters TOP:Economic expansionMSC:Definitional 2. Macroeconomic measurements incorporate GDP, the swelling rate, the joblessness rate, retail deals, and the exchange shortage. ANS:TDIF:1REF:23-0 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial matters and meanings of financial aspects TOP:MacroeconomicsMSC:Definitional 3.Macroeconomic insights inform us regarding a specific family unit, firm, or market. ANS:FDIF:1REF:23-0 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial matters and meanings of financial matters TOP:MacroeconomicsMSC:Definitional 4. Macroeconomics is the investigation of the economy overall. ANS:TDIF:1REF:23-0 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial aspects and meanings of financial matters TOP:MacroeconomicsMSC:Definitional 5. The objective of macroeconomics is to clarify the monetary changes that influence numerous family units, firms, and markets at the same time. ANS:TDIF:1REF:23-0 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial matters and meanings of financial aspects TOP:MacroeconomicsMSC:Definitional . Microeconomics and macroeconomics are firmly connected. ANS:TDIF:1REF:23-0 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial matters and meanings of financial aspects TOP:Microeconomics | MacroeconomicsMSC:Definitional 7. The essential devices of flexibly and request are as integral to macroeconomic investigation as they are to microeconomic examination. ANS:TDIF:1REF:23-0 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial matters and meanings of financial aspects TOP:Demand | SupplyMSC:Definitional 8. Gross domestic product is the most firmly viewed monetary measurement since it is believed to be the best single proportion of a society’s financial prosperity. ANS:TDIF:1REF:23-0NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial matters and meanings of financial matters TOP:GDPMSC:Definitional 9. Gross domestic product can quantify either the complete salary of everybody in the economy or the all out consumption on the economy’s yield of merchandise and enterprises, however GDP can't gauge both simultaneously. ANS:FDIF:2REF:23-1 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial matters and meanings of financial aspects TOP:GDPMSC:Interpretive 10. For an economy all in all, pay must surpass consumption. ANS:FDIF:1REF:23-1 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial aspects and meanings of financial matters TOP:Income | ExpenditureMSC:Definitional 11.An economy’s pay is equivalent to its consumption in light of the fact that each exchange has a purchaser and a merchant. ANS:TDIF:1REF:23-1 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial aspects and meanings of financi al matters TOP:Income | ExpenditureMSC:Definitional 12. Gross domestic product is the market estimation of every single last great and administrations delivered by a country’s residents in a given timeframe. ANS:FDIF:1REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial aspects and meanings of financial aspects TOP:GDPMSC:Definitional 13. Gross domestic product includes a wide range of sorts of items into a solitary proportion of the estimation of monetary movement by utilizing market costs. ANS:TDIF:1REF:23-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial aspects and meanings of financial matters TOP:GDPMSC:Definitional 14. U. S. Gross domestic product incorporates the market estimation of rental lodging, yet not the market estimation of proprietor involved lodging. ANS:FDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial matters and meanings of financial aspects TOP:GDPMSC:Interpretive 15. U. S. Gross domestic product avoids the creation of most unlawful merchand ise. ANS:TDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial matters and meanings of financial aspects TOP:GDPMSC:Interpretive 16. U. S. Gross domestic product incorporates appraisals of the estimation of things that are created and devoured at home, for example, housework and vehicle support. ANS:FDIF:2REF:23-2NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial aspects and meanings of financial matters TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 17. Gross domestic product incorporates just the estimation of definite merchandise on the grounds that the estimation of middle merchandise is as of now remembered for the costs of the last products. ANS:TDIF:1REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial aspects and meanings of financial aspects TOP:GDP | Intermediate goodsMSC:Definitional 18. Options to stock take away from GDP, and when the merchandise in stock are later utilized or offered, the decreases in stock add to GDP. ANS:FDIF:1REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial m atters and meanings of financial aspects TOP:GDP | InventoryMSC:Definitional 9. While GDP incorporates substantial products, for example, books and bug splash, it prohibits immaterial administrations, for example, the administrations gave by instructors and exterminators. ANS:FDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial matters and meanings of financial matters TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 20. At a scavenge deal, you purchase two old books and an old recliner; your spending on these things is excluded from current GDP. ANS:TDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial matters and meanings of financial aspects TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 21. At the point when an American specialist opens a training in Bermuda, his creation there is a piece of U.S. Gross domestic product. ANS:FDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial matters and meanings of financial aspects TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 22. In the event that the U. S. government reports that GDP in the second from last quarter was $12 trillion at a yearly rate, at that point the measure of pay and use during quarter three was $3 trillion. ANS:TDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial aspects and meanings of financial aspects TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 23. The legislature processes proportions of pay other than GDP in light of the fact that these different measures as a rule recount to various anecdotes about by and large financial conditions.ANS:FDIF:2REF:23-2 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial aspects and meanings of financial aspects TOP:GDP | IncomeMSC:Interpretive 24. Uses by families on instruction are remembered for the utilization part of GDP. ANS:TDIF:2REF:23-3 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial aspects and meanings of financial aspects TOP:ConsumptionMSC:Interpretive 25. Most products whose buys are remembered for the venture part of GDP are utilized to deliver different merchandise. ANS:TDIF:2REF:23-3 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The invest igation of financial matters and meanings of financial aspects TOP:InvestmentMSC:Interpretive 26.New home development is remembered for the utilization part of GDP. ANS:FDIF:2REF:23-3 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial matters and meanings of financial matters TOP:InvestmentMSC:Interpretive 27. Changes in stock are remembered for the speculation part of GDP. ANS:TDIF:2REF:23-3 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial aspects and meanings of financial matters TOP:InvestmentMSC:Interpretive 28. The venture part of GDP alludes to money related interest in stocks and securities. ANS:FDIF:2REF:23-3 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial matters and meanings of financial matters TOP:InvestmentMSC:Interpretive 29.The government buys part of GDP incorporates pay rates paid to troopers however not Social Security benefits paid to the old. ANS:TDIF:2REF:23-3 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial matters and meanings of financial aspects TOP:Government purcha sesMSC:Interpretive 30. On the off chance that the estimation of an economy’s imports surpasses the estimation of that economy’s sends out, at that point net fares is a negative number. ANS:TDIF:2REF:23-3 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial matters and meanings of financial matters TOP:Net exportsMSC:Interpretive 31. In the event that somebody in the United States purchases a surfboard delivered in Australia, at that point that buy is remembered for both the utilization part of U.S. Gross domestic product and the net fares part of U. S. Gross domestic product. ANS:TDIF:2REF:23-3 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial aspects and meanings of financial matters TOP:Consumption | Net exportsMSC:Applicative 32. On the off chance that utilization is $4000, sends out are $300, government buys are $1000, imports are $400, and speculation is $800, at that point GDP is $5700. ANS:TDIF:2REF:23-3 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial aspects and meaning s of financial matters TOP:GDPMSC:Applicative 33. On the off chance that fares are $500, GDP is $8000, government buys are $1200, imports are $700, and venture is $800, at that point utilization is $6200. ANS:TDIF:2REF:23-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial aspects and meanings of financial aspects TOP:ConsumptionMSC:Applicative 34. On the off chance that utilization is $1800, GDP is $4300, government buys are $1000, imports are $700, and venture is $1200, at that point trades are $300. ANS:FDIF:2REF:23-3 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial matters and meanings of financial aspects TOP:ExportsMSC:Applicative 35. U. S. Gross domestic product was nearly $14 billion of every 2007. ANS:FDIF:1REF:23-3 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial matters and meanings of financial matters TOP:GDPMSC:Definitional 36. In 2007, government buys was the biggest part of U. S. Gross domestic product. ANS:FDIF:2REF:23-3NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial aspects and meanings of financial aspects TOP:GDPMSC:Interpretive 37. In the event that complete going through ascents starting with one year then onto the next, at that point the economy must create a bigger yield of merchandise and enterprises. ANS:FDIF:2REF:23-4 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial aspects and meanings of financial aspects TOP:GDPMSC:Interpretive 38. An expansion in ostensible U. S. Gross domestic product essentially suggests that the United States is creating a bigger yield of merchandise and enterprises. ANS:FDIF:2REF:23-4 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial aspects and meanings of financial aspects TOP:Nominal GDPMSC:Interpretive 39.Nominal GDP utilizes steady base-year costs to put an incentive on the economy’s creation of merchandise and enterprises, while genuine GDP utilizes current costs to put an incentive on the economy’s creation of products and ventures. ANS:FDIF:1REF:23-4 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial matt ers and meanings of financial aspects TOP:Nominal GDP | Real GDPMSC:Definitional 40. Genuine GDP assesses current creation utilizing costs that are fixed at past levels and in this manner shows how the economy’s by and large creation of merchandise and enterprises changes after some time. ANS:TDIF:1REF:23-4 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial aspects and meanings of financial matters TOP:Real GDPMSC:Definitional 1. The term genuine GDP alludes to a country’s real GDP instead of its evaluated GDP. ANS:FDIF:2REF:23-4 NAT:AnalyticLOC:The investigation of financial matters and meanings of financial aspects TOP:Real GDPMSC:Interpretive 42. Changes in genuine GDP reflect just changes in the

Chapter 14 The Unforgivable Curses Free Essays

The following two days went without incredible episode, except if you checked Neville liquefying his 6th cauldron in Potions. Teacher Snape, who appeared to have achieved new degrees of noxiousness over the mid year, gave Neville confinement, and Neville came back from it in a condition of apprehensive breakdown, having been made to eviscerate a barrel loaded with horned frogs. â€Å"You know why Snape’s in such a foul mind-set, don’t you?† said Ron to Harry as they watched Hermione instructing Neville a Scouring Charm to expel the frog guts from under his fingernails. We will compose a custom exposition test on Part 14 The Unforgivable Curses or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now â€Å"Yeah,† said Harry. â€Å"Moody.† It was basic information that Snape truly needed the Dark Arts occupation, and he had now neglected to get it for the fourth year running. Snape had disdained the entirety of their past Dark Arts instructors, and indicated it †however he appeared to be unusually careful about showing unmistakable ill will to Mad-Eye Moody. Without a doubt, at whatever point Harry saw both of them together †at eating times, or when they went in the halls †he had the particular impression that Snape was staying away from Moody’s eye, regardless of whether mysterious or ordinary. â€Å"I figure Snape’s somewhat terrified of him, you know,† Harry said attentively. â€Å"Imagine if Moody transformed Snape into a horned toad,† said Ron, his eyes moistening over, â€Å"and ricocheted him all around his dungeon†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The Gryffindor fourth years were anticipating Moody’s first exercise so much that they showed up before the expected time on Thursday noon and lined up outside his study hall before the ringer had even crosspiece. The main individual missing was Hermione, who turned up in the nick of time for the exercise. â€Å"Been in the - â€Å" â€Å"Library.† Harry completed her sentence for her. â€Å"C’mon, speedy, or we won’t get fair seats.† They rushed into three seats directly before the teacher’s work area, took out their duplicates of The Dark Forces: A Guide to Self-Protection, and paused, surprisingly peaceful. Before long they heard Moody’s particular thumping strides descending the hall, and he went into the room, looking as bizarre and alarming as could be. They could simply observe his tore, wooden foot jutting from underneath his robes. â€Å"You can put those away,† he snarled, befuddling over to his work area and plunking down, â€Å"those books. You won’t need them.† They restored the books to their sacks, Ron looking energized. Ill humored took out a register, shook his long mane of grizzled silver hair out of his contorted and scarred face, and started to get out names, his ordinary eye moving consistently down the rundown while his mystical eye turned around, fixing upon every understudy as the person replied. â€Å"Right then,† he stated, when the last individual had pronounced themselves present, â€Å"I’ve had a letter from Professor Lupin about this class. Appears you’ve had a really intensive establishing in handling Dark animals †you’ve secured boggarts, Red Caps, hinkypunks, grindylows, Kappas, and werewolves, is that right?† There was a general mumble of consent. â€Å"But you’re behind †extremely behind †on managing curses,† said Moody. â€Å"So I’m here to welcome you acceptable on what wizards can do to one another. I’ve got one year to show you how to manage Dark - â€Å" â€Å"What, aren’t you staying?† Ron proclaimed. Moody’s otherworldly eye spun around to gaze at Ron; Ron looked incredibly fearful, however after a second Moody grinned †the first run through Harry had seen him do as such. The impact was to make his vigorously scarred face look more curved and reshaped than any time in recent memory, however it was by the by great to realize that he could possibly do anything as cordial as grin. Ron looked profoundly soothed. â€Å"You’ll be Arthur Weasley’s child, eh?† Moody said. â€Å"Your father got me out of a tight corner a couple of days ago†¦.Yeah, I’m remaining only the one year. Unique kindness to Dumbledor†¦.One year, and afterward back to my calm retirement.† He gave a brutal chuckle, and afterward applauded his twisted hands together. â€Å"So †straight into it. Condemnations. They come in numerous qualities and structures. Presently, as per the Ministry of Magic, I’m expected to show you countercurses and leave it at that. I’m shouldn't give you what illicit Dark condemnations resemble until you’re in the 6th year. You’re shouldn't be mature enough to manage it till at that point. Be that as it may, Professor Dumbledore’s heard a higher point of view of your nerves, he figures you can adapt, and I state, the sooner you recognize what you’re facing, the better. How are you expected to guard yourself against something you’ve never observed? A wizard who’s going to put an unlawful revile on you isn’t going to mention to you what he’s going to do. He’s not going to do it overall quite pleasant to your face. You should be readied. You should be alert and vigilant. You have to take care of that, Miss Brown, when I’m talking.† Lavender bounced and become flushed. She had been demonstrating Parvati her finished horoscope under the work area. Obviously Moody’s enchanted eye could see through strong wood, just as out of the rear of his head. â€Å"So†¦do any of you realize which condemnations are most vigorously rebuffed by wizarding law?† A few hands rose likely into the air, including Ron’s and Hermione’s. Grumpy pointed at Ron, however his enchanted eye was as yet fixed on Lavender. â€Å"Er,† said Ron probably, â€Å"my father informed me concerning one†¦.Is it called the Imperius Curse, or something?† â€Å"Ah, yes,† said Moody gratefully. â€Å"Your father would realize that one. Gave the Ministry a ton of difficulty at once, the Imperius Curse.† Touchy got vigorously to his crisscrossed feet, opened his work area cabinet, and took out a glass container. Three enormous dark creepy crawlies were leaving around inside it. Harry felt Ron draw back somewhat close to him †Ron despised creepy crawlies. Touchy ventured into the container, got one of the bugs, and held it in the palm of his hand with the goal that they could all observe it. He at that point pointed his wand at it and murmured, â€Å"Imperio!† The arachnid jumped from Moody’s hand on a fine string of silk and started to swing in reverse and forward just as on a trapeze. It loosened up its legs inflexibly, at that point did a reverse somersault, breaking the string and arriving on the work area, where it started to cartwheel around and around. Irritable twitched his wand, and the insect rose onto two of its rear legs and went into what was unquestionably a tap move. Everybody was giggling †everybody with the exception of Moody. â€Å"Think it’s interesting, do you?† he snarled. â€Å"You’d like it, would you, in the event that I did it to you?† The giggling diminished in a flash. â€Å"Total control,† said Moody discreetly as the insect balled itself up and started to turn again and again. â€Å"I could make it leap out of the window, suffocate itself, hurl itself down one of your throats†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Ron gave an automatic shiver. â€Å"Years back, there were a great deal of witches and wizards being constrained by the Imperius Curse,† said Moody, and Harry realized he was discussing the days where Voldemort had been almighty. â€Å"Some work for the Ministry, attempting to sift through who was being compelled to act, and who was acting willingly. â€Å"The Imperius Curse can be battled, and I’ll be showing you how, however it takes genuine quality of character, and not everyone’s got it. Better abstain from being hit with it in the event that you can. Steady VIGILANCE!† he yelped, and everybody bounced. Ill humored got the somersaulting creepy crawly and tossed it once again into the container. â€Å"Anyone else know one? Another illicit curse?† Hermione’s hand flew into the air again thus, to Harry’s slight amazement, did Neville’s. The main class where Neville normally chipped in data was Herbology which was effectively his best subject. Neville looked amazed at his own challenging. â€Å"Yes?† said Moody, his enchanted eye turning directly over to fix on Neville. â€Å"There’s one †the Cruciatus Curse,† said Neville in a little yet particular voice. Cranky was looking eagerly at Neville, this time with the two eyes. â€Å"Your name’s Longbottom?† he stated, his enchanted eye plunging down to check the register once more. Neville gestured anxiously, however Moody made no further requests. Turning around to the class everywhere, he ventured into the container for the following creepy crawly and set it upon the work area, where it stayed unmoving, clearly too frightened to even think about moving. â€Å"The Cruciatus Curse,† said Moody. â€Å"Needs to be somewhat greater for you to get the idea,† he stated, pointing his wand at the bug. â€Å"Engorgio!† The creepy crawly expand. It was currently bigger than a tarantula. Relinquishing all misrepresentation, Ron pushed his seat in reverse, as distant from Moody’s work area as could be expected under the circumstances. Touchy raised his wand once more, pointed it at the insect, and mumbled, â€Å"Crucio!† Immediately, the spider’s legs bowed in upon its body; it turned over and started to jerk terribly, shaking from side to side. No stable originated from it, yet Harry was certain that on the off chance that it could have given voice, it would have been shouting. Grouchy didn't evacuate his wand, and the insect began to shiver and jolt all the more viciously †â€Å"Stop it!† Hermione said shrilly.† Harry glanced around at her. She was looking, not at the arachnid, yet at Neville, and Harry, following her look, saw that Neville’s hands were held upon the work area before him, his knuckles white, his eyes wide and astonished. Testy rai

Inside Subprime News

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Same-Sex Marriage Must Remain Legal Essay examples

Over the past five years same-sex marriage has become one of the most controversial issues in the United States, many social activist strive to aid homosexuals and their fight to legalize same-sex marriage. Marriage is a fundamental right not a privilege. Gay men and women should not be discriminated against based on their sexuality. Marriage is a sacred bond between two people that love each other no matter the sex, race, or religion. Everyday homosexuals are treated unfairly; most were born gay and cannot help their feelings. Being gay in America today is very difficult, you have to hide who you are just to be accepted. All homosexual’s really want is to be treat fairly and to get all the right they deserve, like†¦show more content†¦Terry McAuliffe was at first against same-sex marriage but, over time he realized that it is unfair to take a human right away from a group of people. If we all follow in his footsteps and learn more about this issue then we can final ly approve a law to legalize it. Some Politicians really don’t like to announce if they are for or against same-sex marriage because they are afraid of what some Americans would think of them. However a interview with ABC’s Robin Roberts President Obama announced that he is all for same-sex marriage. â€Å"At a certain point, I’ve just concluded that for me personally it is important for me to go ahead and affirm that I think same-sex couples should be able to get married.† Some people applauded him for this statement but of course people resented the President because of this. Having the President publicly announced that he promotes same-sex marriage is a great milestone for the gay community. Same-sex marriage is one of the most controversial issues in American. If same-sex marriage is legalized there still will be abundance of people who will be distraught, however it will be a step forward in the gay rights movement. As legislators look more into same -sex marriage and relies that it would be better for America to legalize it activist just have to make sure that they keep this topic in the publics eye. Having laws in place helps, but understanding why everyoneShow MoreRelatedGay Marriage Should Remain Legal in California998 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Demographic information gleaned from the registered licenses also shows the newlywed same-sex couples were older and better educated than the average American household. More than 74 percent were over age 35, while 69 percent had at least one college degree† (Murphy). 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Hodges was a case that held that the Fourteenth Amendment requires all states to recognize and grant same sex marriage licenses

Statement Of Teaching Philosophy My Lifelong Passion For...

Statement of Teaching Philosophy My lifelong passion for Maths and my desire to share it with others have enhanced my admiration of the subject and reinforced my aspiration to become a teacher. During my 12 years of teaching experience, I was trying to best exemplify the three important points: (i) love of teaching, (ii) love of mathematics, and (iii) concern for the student. Overall, I am committed to an applied/interdisciplinary approach to scholarship and teaching mathematics, and I try to structure all of my courses with this in mind. Specifically, my personal teaching philosophy includes the following points: †¢ I encourage an atmosphere in which mathematics is appreciated simply because Maths is beautiful. Examples of the beauty of mathematics: a well-constructed proof, a simple trick/technique to solve a problem. Mathematics can be viewed as an art, a beautiful work worthy of admiration. If the student sees math as not only a means to an end (e.g., to apprehend physical processes) but an end in itself, he/she will ultimately develop respect, admiration, and then aspiration for the subject. †¢ I emphasize the importance of class participation. I try to make classroom an atmosphere where all the students feel comfortable to ask a question, make a comment, or give a response. Overall, I try to maintain an open, lively and amiable atmosphere in the classroom in spite of all the mathematics. Students are often reticent in asking questions; perhaps they are afraid ofShow MoreRelatedSAT Top 30 Essay Evidence18536 Words   |  75 Pages and study them until you can easily discuss them with friends, parents, and teachers. If you’d like to research your own topics, this special report provides many templates for exactly what kind of information and notes you need to take. Follow my model and you will have no trouble researching additional evidence on your own. 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Social Policy In Canada Free Essays

string(107) " economy experienced a stagflation that there were both high inflation and high unemployment rate existed\." The Minister of Finance, Paul Martin, announced that Canada had a record a surplus of $2. 9 billion, their promises of tax relief have been executed and the unemployment rates has fallen to 7. 5 per cent, its lowest level in more than nine years (Finance Canada). We will write a custom essay sample on Social Policy In Canada or any similar topic only for you Order Now The costs of this good news are the budget cut of the federal government on social welfare programs in recently years. Hospital rejected to accept new patients. Toronto High Schools was shut down. Homeless people sleep outdoors. Is the monetary policy that Mike Harris exercising harms the people? The aim of this article is to look at historical reason of Canada being a welfare state and being changed to a more capitalistic society. The era of Keynesian Welfare State (KWS) and contemporary Neo Liberalism and the effects of Mike Harris† government policy will be discussed In 1878, McDonald national policy was introduced. McDonald introduced a set of import tariffs to protect the domestic market. This policy became the diving force of Canadian economy until 1930†³s with the problems of the great depression, world economic crisis and government deficit. In 1936, John Maynard Keynes published his book â€Å"The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money†. He argued that a depression was a short run phenomenon because of a lack of demand. If the government could inject money to the private sector, the private sector would be better off and spending money and the government could collect tax. It has been called as demand-management policy. The crises were solved by the breakout of the Second World War (WWII) in 1937. After WWII, many governments (including Canada, UK and US) pursued Keynesian demand-management policy. On the level of production, in 1940†³s, Henry Ford decided to bring a new method of production, assembly line production, with a 5 dollars day policy. His idea was to create a new type of workers who could afford to own cars and to avoid alienation of workers. Ford also brought along many workers† benefits such as consultants to make the workers concentrating on their jobs. This concept, Fordism, became a system that there was a matching of mass production with mass consumption. Fordism also led to the recognition of collective bargaining power. Unions were established to bargain for their rate of wages and everyone automatically became a union member. The power of unions was continually growing up while word output grew at an unprecedented rate of 3. 9 per cent annually during the golden age (1950-1973) (Held 164). On the level of finance, the Bretton Woods agreement was also signed during KWS period in 1944. The core of Bretton Wood System (BWS) was the agreement of International Monetary Fund (IMF). † The purpose of IMF is to promote international monetary cooperation, exchange stability†¦ o provide temporary financial assistance to countries under adequate safeguards to help ease balance of payments adjustment† (IMF). With the BWS, capital outflows were strictly controlled. For nearly three decades, governments were relatively free from the constant treat of capital withdrawal as today. Away from the treat enabled them to â€Å"be far more responsive to demands from the electorate – demands that usually involved policies aimed at achieving full employment and developing social programs. † (Howlett 540). In Canada, government introduced new social and welfare programs, for example, unemployment insurance, family allowance, Canada assistant plan and health care program. Post-secondary education was funded. By the demand management policy, the fund to welfare programs would be automatically adjusted with the number of unemployment. These were the origin of our existed social welfare program. Capital controls also created stable currency values that helped to promote World Trade. After1945, the size of government sharply increased as new government institution and new programs were added. The government grows and the government expenditure made up to around 40% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Any major decision made by the government would have a great influence to the market. On the other hand, business corporations lost their influence to government as they had during the era of National policy. On the level of trade, the primary international trade agency, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was formed for tariff negotiations in 1947. The aims of GATT were â€Å"Raising standards of living, ensuring full employment and a large and steadily growing olume of real income and effective demand, developing the full use of the resources of the world and expanding the production and exchange of goods, Being desirous of contributing to these objectives by†¦ the substantial reduction of tariffs and other barriers to trade and to the elimination of discriminatory treatment in international commerce† GATT formed the framework for seven rounds of global tariff reduction negotiations. During the golden age, the Canadian experienced a low unemployment rate, low inflation rate and small deficit on government. However, with the increasing activities between nations, KWS started to face new problems. Firstly, the rise of the Eurocurrency market in the 1960s placed increasing strain on the BWS. US dollars became under the pressure the inflation and a growing trade deficit and finally on 15 August 1971 President Nixon shocked the world financial market by announcing that the dollar was no longer to freely convertible into gold, effectively signally the end of fixed change rates. This action increased the pressure on BWS. By 1973, the BWS had collapsed. Secondly, the collapse of Bretton Woods was compound in 1973 by the decision of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) to quadruple the price of oil, effecting a huge transfer of funds from oil-importing countries to oil-exporting countries. Oil-exporting countries were left with a large surplus to invest on international money market. The banks lent increasingly to developing countries. In the process both the intensity and the extensity of global flows were transformed. (202). Thirdly, the rate of growth is declined as Fordism reached its maximum marginal value of production. The rise of the price of oil also played a role in the declining marginal value. In 1970†³s, the economy experienced a stagflation that there were both high inflation and high unemployment rate existed. You read "Social Policy In Canada" in category "Essay examples" There was an increasing deficit because of decreasing tax revenues and increasing expenses on welfare programs as the function of automatic stabilizer. Since Keynesian provided no explanation and solution to stagflation, monetarism helped to explained it. Milton Friedman was a monetarist and he argued that â€Å"any attempt to manage the level of demand in a Keynesian way would simply be destabilizing and make things worse. The role of government is simply to use its monetary policy to control inflation and supply-side policies to make market work better and reduce unemployment† In 1975, the bank of Canada officially adopted monetary policy. On the level of production, Multinational Corporations (MNCs) have grown there has been a significant transnationalization of production expressed in the emergence of global production and distribution networks. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) encourage the development of three major market: Canada, Mexico, US such that â€Å"MNCs have been induced to locate production insides each of these blocs† (David 243). Since Mexico have little regulations toward employment†s welfare, environmental protection and US has been the major investor of Canadian manufacture sector, Canada has to deregulate many laws in order to attract US and other foreign investments to continue investing on Canada. In 1989, the trade relationship between Canada and US have moved forward, culminating in the establishment of†¦ Canadian – American Free Trade Agreement (FTA) (Howlett 540). In worldwide, many production sites were shift to the Third World Countries where had no unions or little power on unions and no regulations on working condition and environment protection. On the level of finance, during the 1970†³s and 1980†³s the national capital controls became less and less effective because of grow of Euromarket and the collapse of BWS. One of the aims of World Bank, which is founded in1944, is to â€Å"Promoting reforms to create a stable macroeconomic environment, conducive to investment and long-term planning† (World Bank). World Bank provide nearly $30 billion in loans annually to its client countries, therefore we can see the political and economic influences it has on these countries. IMF also plays an important role on providing financial help to its client countries. However, the rules accompany the agreement on the loan may not a good news to the people. One of the rules is to decrease deficits of the government and the most efficient way to decrease deficits is to cut social welfare programs. Reducing the subsidy to certain industries will lead to lose of jobs. An argument which come up lately is that US government argues that the health programs in Canada is a form of subsidy to industries because in US, workers need to buy health insurance and hence increasing the cost of production. This is violating the agreement of FTA. This kind of rule is seriously hurting the benefits of the workers in Canada. Knight noted that â€Å"ceilings on interest rates reduce the efficiency of financial intermediation and the signals for profitable investment† (Knight 17), but not for the benefit of working class. If the interest rate is high, the working class have to pay more interest on their mortgage payment. On the level of trade, the formation of Business Council on National Issues in 1976 has a long-term effect on Canadian policy making. Since most of the members of BCNI are large corporation, they have the power to influence government policies though business action. It had helped to solve the Albert oil crisis and the establishment of NAFTA. When the politics are making decision that will effect business realm, they will concern the reaction of those investment companies, but they do not spend so much concern on unions. 0 per cent of Canada-U. S. trade is concentrated in the hands of just 200 companies. A survey of the employment practices of companies belonging to BCNI shows that 37 members of this powerful group that lobbied so hard for the FTA and NAFTA have reduced their payroll by a total of 215,414 employee between 1988 and 1994 (Dillion, 95). Social programs cut over the last seven years, big business has successfully campaigned for less government regulation and for the weakening of social programs in â€Å"the name of leveling the playing field number† (Dillion, 96). we are to stop the headlong race to the bottom for our economic, social and environmental affairs as well as the erosion of our culture†said Dillion (98). Now, we are not racing for our public goods. If we continue to allow corporation lobbies to influence our government decision making, our existing public goods will be disappeared too. Though 1980†³s to 1990†³s, many government programs were cut, industries like communications were deregulated, and many government services and corporations were privatized at both the federal and provincial levels. According to McQuaig, even though governments were powerless to bring down unemployment by using the key levers of monetary and fiscal policy, they were able to reduce it by taking away crucial social support systems, thereby making the worker feel more desperate to work. † (McQuaig 37) This is the policy that Mike Harris† government doing right now. During 1995 to 1996, these two year, Federal Government cut her health expenditure from 9024 millions to 1077 millions, education expenditure from 6254 millions to 3355 millions (drop nearly 45 per cent), transportation and communication expenditure from 5192 millions to 3306 millions. Only General-purpose transfers expenditure was increased from 10429 millions to 23834 millions dramatically (Statistics Canada). By 1998/99 the liberals will have cut $7 billion in social transfers to the province (Red book, p. 74). When the government cut the budgets on welfare and on the other hand cut the tax together, the victims will be the lower class family. Cutting the education funds presents students have to pay more tuition fees and increase the burden of their family. Cutting the health expenses lead to hospital refuse to accept new patients and hurt the people who need medical attention. Since the government does not provide low rent housing, many families, not a single person, cannot afford to live in a decent home and need to live outdoor with the danger and harsh weather nearby. Only 34. 9 per cent of unemployment workers received UI benefit (Godin). Federal government also sets new rules that people who are receiving UI need to do volute works but they ignore the fact that some people need to take care the children and cannot go to work. People also need to pass drug test to be eligible for receiving UI. Privatizing public corporations such as hydro will eventually lead to increase the fees and thus in add burden to the poor. Ontario sells Highway 407 to private company and about half years later the fees are increased. â€Å"Canadians values have moved away from the socially responsible and pragmatically interventionist liberalism that had for decades been their dominant characteristics† (Pratt). It is true that Canadian economy is benefit from these changes and brings our economy away from the crisis of the deep depression. However, we will lose the public good that have been existed in our society for nearly 50 years if our society approach the format of capitalism. Although adopting monetary policy hurts the benefit of the workers, it is clear that we cannot go back to the period of KWS. Howlett noted, â€Å"Keynesianism also includes the concept of market failures and economic efficiency† (Howlett 540). If we can find a balance between Keynesianism and Neo-Liberalism, we can still have the benefits of our welfare and economic efficiency. How to cite Social Policy In Canada, Essay examples

Electoral College Essay Research Paper Electoral CollegeThe free essay sample

Electoral College Essay, Research Paper Electoral College The Electoral College, friend or foe? The reply behind this inquiry is in the heads of those that understand it. Whether it be a # 8220 ; friend # 8221 ; or a # 8220 ; foe # 8221 ; there will ever be opposing sides and a controversial poetry. Since the political circumstance of today, the Electoral College seems to be the subject in every conversation and the thesis to every essay. The unmanageable desire to cognize the truth behind the enigma is stirring in the heads of the people in the United States of America. With the 2000 Elections underway sides are get downing to be taken among the people. Many oppose the Electoral College because of the fact that unknowing voters choose their leader and many support it because it was created by the founding male parents. Both sides are arguable and non one side is right. The inquiry is: Can a system be created to fulfill both sides of the American populace? The establishing male parents created the Electoral College for many grounds. We will write a custom essay sample on Electoral College Essay Research Paper Electoral CollegeThe or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One of the grounds was to give the people the right to hold a say on who becomes president and another ground was to give Congress the right to take every bit good. At the clip of the 1787 Constitutional Convention this was a subject that aroused many opposing thoughts and sentiments. They had three picks, to let the public direct elections, grant Congress the right to elect the president or give voters the privilege of choosing the states leader. What they were seeking to make was to forestall absolute power. Since they had their gustatory sensation of King George # 8217 ; s manner of governing they were afraid that if they let one group of people choose the president so that group would derive excessively much power or the president elected would experience excessively powerful. After many differences and disagreements the delegates eventually reached a determination. Consequently, they created a complex # 8220 ; filtrating # 8221 ; procedure known as the Electoral College. Thi s manner both the people and Congress could elect the president, or at least that was what was intended. The construction of the Electoral College was similar to that of the Centurial Assembly system of the Roman Republic. # 8220 ; Under that system, the grownup male citizens of Rome were divided, harmonizing to their wealth, into groups of 100 ( called Centuries ) . Each group of 100 was entitled to project merely one ballot either in favour of against proposals submitted to them by the Roman Senate. # 8221 ; # 8211 ; as stated by William C. Kimberling, Deputy Director FEC Office of Election Administration. The Establishing Fathers evidently knew if the Centurial Assembly worked for the Roman Republic because they were good schooled in ancient history, but were they sure if this antediluvian system of elections worked for their present-forever changing twenty-four hours? In order to reply that inquiry they had to set it to the trial. The Electoral College is made up of 538 membe rs. Each member represents a province. The voters are equal to the figure of representatives and senators a province has. For illustration if a province has 20 representatives and senators ( ever 2 ) than it has 22 voters. But in order to keep balance between the legislative and executive subdivisions no member of Congress and employees of the Federal Government can go voters. On the Tuesday following the first Monday of November the people in each province cast their ballots or in other words cast their ballots for the party slate of Voters stand foring their pick for president. The party slate with the most ballots wins that province # 8217 ; s Voters, intending that the presidential ticket with the bulk votes in a province wins all the Voters of that province. On the Monday following the 2nd Wednesday of December the Electors meet in their province capitals and project their ballots, one for president and one for frailty president. The completed ballots are so sealed and sent to the President of the Senate, which is the Vice President of the U.S, who so opens and reads the consequence of the ballots on the undermentioned January 6 to both houses of Congress. The campaigner for president with the most ballots ( 270 or higher ) wins the election and is declared president. The vice-presidential campaigner with the absolute bulk of ballots is declared vice-president. In a instance where there is no absolute bulk of electoral ballots for president. The U.S House of Representatives selects the president by merely one ballot being casted from each province. The bulk so wins. A similar method is used when there is a tie or there is no absolute bulk between the vice-presidential campaigners ; it is sent to the Senate alternatively of the House of Representatives. Then when every thing is finalized at midday on January 20 the elected president and vice-president are sworn into office. The procedure of electing a President is a long and troublesome method. The Electo ral College has had its clip in the topographic point light non merely now with the 2000 elections but in other times, such as the Elections of 1800 and 1888. In the Elections of 1800, Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson ran for president with Federalist Aaron Burr as his running mate. Runing against them was Federalist John Adams and Federalist Charles C. Pinckney. This election was considered the # 8220 ; Revolution of 1800 # 8243 ; because of its unusual happening. Voters had to put two ballots, one for president the other for vice-president. On their ballot the Electors had to bespeak the ballot was for president or vice-president. The 1 with the absolute bulk of the clip would go president, the smuggler up would be frailty president. When the presidential Voters went to project their ballot they did non separate between presidential campaigner and vice-presidential campaigner. Therefore, Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr both received the same figure of electoral ballots, 73 , get the better ofing their oppositions. Some of the Voters thought they were doing a vice-presidential ballot but no 1 did. This unusual tie was sent to the House of Representatives to do the determination. Weeks passed and no 1 received the absolute bulk ( 9 provinces ) . After 35 ballots and the convincing nature of Federalist Alexander Hamilton, on the 36th ballot Thomas Jefferson was eventually declared President. Aaron Burr as smuggler up became Vice-Pr esident. Because of this election the 12 Amendment was passed. This amendment made Voters cast separate ballots for President and Vice- President in order to avoid confusion such as the one above. It besides states that the ballots would be counted individually in forepart of Congress by the president of the Senate. In order to win there must be a bulk ballot. The election of 1800 decidedly made a permanent impact on the United States. Because of that election the 12th Amendment was added to the Constitution. Many other elections after that one brought up a batch of confounding and new obstructions. The Election of 1888 is the merely obvious case where the Electoral College went against the popular ballot. Republican Benjamin Harrison and Democratic Grover Cleveland ran against each other in this tight race. The popular ballot was for Grover Cleveland with 100,000 ballots over Benjamin Harrison. When it came clip for the Voters to project their ballot Benjamin Harrison, the original also-ran, won the election with 65 more Electoral ballots than Grover Cleveland, 233 to 168. He was inaugurated the 23rd president of the United States. The controversial issue of the Electoral College began with the first elections it held. Due to the present twenty-four hours election job, it is apparent to see that the people want something done about the â€Å"Constitutional† Electoral College. Those who are for the Electoral College have their grounds such as it balances the power between the people and the authorities, it was started by the Establishing Fathers of the Constitution and it gives equal say to the little provinces so the big provinces don’t command the full election. Though they have sensible positions, every ground there is every bit arguable. For case their statement saying that the Electoral College balances the power between the people and the authorities is faithlessly. How could it equilibrate out the power between the people and authorities if a popular ballot from the people is non even considered the terminal of an election, while the Voters fundamentally control the election? It is obvious to see that the people’s ballot is non counted because if it was so all it would take to elect a president would be a popular ballot. As I see it there are many jobs in the current electoral college system. First a president can be elected even if it is non what the people want. For case the current elections ( 2000 ) can exactly turn out my point. Democrat Al Gore won the popular ballot with a slender difference of Republican George W. Bush’s votes. Even though it was a slender difference, he won the popular ballot however. Alternatively of allowing Gore the presidential term it seems that the lucky Bush will be crowned â€Å"king† . How of import is the peoples ballot? Another job is that the voters that go against their designated ballot are non punished. They are keeping a responsibility and a duty for the p eople and yet when they disappoint and backstab them they are non punished or even fined. The fate of The United States of America is in the thenar of those voters. â€Å"There’s no justification for the Electoral College–none† , says George C. Edwards III, manager of the Center for Presidential Studies at Texas A M University. â€Å" We have invested so much in this state in the rule of `one individual, one vote’ . We’ve expanded the franchise to do certain that everyone votes– And for someone– no affair who wins the popular vote– to quite lawfully take the presidential term, wholly contrary to democratic rules, is really difficult to justify.† Many people now a yearss feel the abolition of the Electoral College should be done. Senator- elite Hillary Rodham Clinton called for extinguishing the Electoral College, and polls show that many Americans portion her position. Not merely have the polls shown but so has a author ities functionary, a individual filled with cognition on this constitutional and governmental topic, that an Electoral College can merely make us harm. Many times in U.S history has the Electoral College let the American public down, 15 times to be exact has the electoral college voted person in to the presidential term that was against the popular ballot. Unfortunately there may be a 16th clip. Without the Electoral College there wouldn’t be a 16th clip or any more â€Å"times† at all. In decision I feel the Electoral College should be abolished. Not merely would it vouch a popular ballot election but it would stop all the major confusion and ruckus a â€Å"normal† election normally has. â€Å"The American `democracy’ has existed for over 200 old ages, and citizens are ready, as they have been for decennaries, if non centuries, to eventually command their ain state. ENOUGH IS ENOUGH! † ( Ben Wildavsky writer of â€Å"School of Hard Knocks† ) Bertel M. Sparks. ( 1968 ) . Why have an Electoral College? . ( 4pgs ) . Retrieved December 11, 2000 from the World Wide Web: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.libertyhaven.com/politicsandcurrentevent/constitutionscourtsa # 8230 ; ./haveelectoral.html Ben Wildavsky. ( Nov. 11, 2000 ) . School of Hard Knocks ( 3pgs ) . Retrieved December 11, 2000 from the World Wide Web: hypertext transfer protocol: //getdoc.com Eric Wikman. The Electoral College: Then, Now, and Tomorrow ( 4pgs ) . Retrieved December 11, 2000 from the World Wide Web: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ericwikman.com/eric/electoralcollege.html Voting A ; Elections: Electoral College ( 1pg ) . Retrieved December 11, 2000 from the World Wide Web: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.thisnation.com/processes-electoral.html Electoral College Problems ( 2pgs ) . Retrieved December 11, 2000 from the World Wide Web: hypertext transfer protocol: //claremontmckenna.com/ctd/college/html Electoral College in General ( 2pgs ) . Retrieved December 11, 2000 from the World Wide Web: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nara.gov/fedreg/elctcoll/ec-artcl.html How the Electoral College Works ( 2pgs ) . Retrieved December 11, 2000 from the World Wide Web: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fec.gov/pages/ecworks.html Citizens for True Democracy: Individual EC catastrophes ( 3pgs ) . Retrieved December 11, 2000 from the World Wide Web: hypertext transfer protocol: //claremontmckenna.com/ctd/ecsux.html Christopher Henry ( 1996 ) . The Electoral College. Barbara Silberdick Feinberg ( 1996 ) Constitutional Amendments

The Role of Technology in Organization Development

Dynamo Sportswear Case Essays

Dynamo Sportswear Case Essays Dynamo Sportswear Case Essay Dynamo Sportswear Case Essay Dynamo Sportswear Inc (Product Management) l. Time context Mr. Gerard Cruz, the owner and manager or Dynamo Sports Inc. Talked with his brand manager Joe Santos In getting a new product line Incorporated In their sportswear business. As for the present, all of their product line has been successful though they cater more in the mens division. The owner had the idea of adding a womens section and is willing to invest millions in the span of three years that he is projecting it but would want to be successful. The brand manager is given six months on planning this project. II. Problem Statement Becoming Success In Introducing a New Product Line The owner and general manager of Dynamo Sports Inc. , Mr. Gerard Cruz Is planning to add a new product In the company which Is the new female line. He Is not sure whether to alma at the upper bracket to downward or do It In reverse. What the Mr.. Cruz wants is to make sure they succeed and become dominant in this new market. The company does not have any difficulty and have nothing to worry with the seasonality of their new product since their manufacturing facilities could produce year round. They are also financially stable. Mr. Cruz gave Mr.. Santos six months to plan it and have it launch. Ill. Statement of the Objective Have the new product line launched In the time frame given, which Is six months. And make sure that It became successful. IV. Areas of Consideration 1. Make a plan of the project within the given time frame. 2. Look at key factors in the market that will help in making the new product line successful 3. Understand and know the perceptions of potential customers in the new product line that will be launch. V. And VI. Alternative Courses of Action (ACS) and Analysis of CA CA 1 . Mr.. Santos should know and test how the market Is, the pricing and telling of the launching of new female line. A. By having this new line, you will increase the market share. B. Developing to try a new market that presently does not exist. Disadvantages: a. Failure to understand the present market may end up in not having the line. B. New market may not become successful since people will not embrace it. CA 2. Understanding and knowing customers wants and attitudes. Advantages: a. Knowing what the new customers want in this new line. B. To determine and know the perception of customers. A. Failure to know what customers want. B. Was not able to determine the perception of customers and might not incorporate in plan VI. Conclusion: I conclude that using CA #2 can somehow help in making sure that the launching of the new product line will become successful. Since this involved the know of the market that the company will be entering and also taking in consideration what the customers wants. This means that the new product line will be able to meet up with the expectations of the customers it will cater with. VIII. Plan of Action. 1 . Make a reasonable and sound plan of action within time frame. 2. Have people work on knowing what the customers, in this case women, wants, their attitude towards female sportswear, what they needed and their perception on this products.

Health Beliefs of Christian Science Followers Research Paper

Health Beliefs of Christian Science Followers - Research Paper Example In the prior twenty-five years, a resurgence of interest in the spiritual dimensions of human health has given reason and foundation to the thought that the preference of medical science over that of religion may be weakening. Christian Science was founded in 1866 and the founder later founded the Church of Christ, Scientist (Singh, 2009). A 25-year-old pregnant female arrives at the emergency department, accompanied by her husband, with complaints of severe pains and abdominal cramps. Further examination by the physician discovers that she is suffering from an ectopic pregnancy. The diagnosis and plan of care are explained to the patient by the physician. The proposed treatment plan includes the insertion of an IV, pain intervention through the use of medication and surgical intervention. Surgery will remove the developing cells which could potentiate a need for the administration of blood products and IV antibiotics. The couple refuses surgery by their religion and explains that they are Christian Science followers. The physician is insistent and explains ectopic pregnancy and the in inherent risks and cautions that the surgery must take place within the hour. The physician explains fully the implications of an ectopic pregnancy. An ectopic pregnancy develops outside of the uterus and the embryo implants in an area other than where it should, which is the endometrial layer of the uterus. The travel of the embryo through the fallopian tubes is altered in some way in these pregnancies. Up to 98% of these pregnancies develop in the fallopian tubes (Mcqueen, 2011, p 50). It is a leading cause of first-trimester mortality.An ectopic pregnancy is usually not capable of survival through the pregnancy can grow large enough to rupture the area that it is in which can cause severe and heavy bleeding which endangers the life of the mother. These pregnancies damage the fallopian tubes and must be detected and treated early to prevent severe bleeding. One that has ruptured will bleed slowly into the abdomen and is considered a medical emergency.

Accounting writing assignments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Accounting writing assignments - Essay Example In order to obtain detailed financial information about the company, it is necessary to analyse consolidated balance sheet and other financial statements of the company. The company’s financial data clearly indicates that Ford has achieved $128,954 million in sales for the fiscal year 2010. The company could effectively survive the impacts of 2009 global financial crisis and it attained a net income of $6,561 million in 2010. The annual report 2011 shows that the company’s earnings per share is $1.66 although it has not issued dividends to shareholders. The consolidated balance sheet of the company illustrates that Ford’s total assets/total liabilities for the fiscal 2010 were $164,687 million. In addition, total shareholders’ equity of Ford was $-642 million. According to the â€Å"management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations†, most powerful feature of the Ford is its flexibility to integrate with various market situations (Ford Motor Company). The company distributes its costs and expenses under two categories such as cost of sales and selling, administrative and other expenses. This section clearly reflects that effective cost monitoring and control mechanisms have assisted the company to improve its profitability. The management report indicates that the ongoing global economic recovery has greatly benefited the company to improve its financial condition, which was very weak in the previous year (Ford Motor Company). In addition, the Ford possesses an efficient management team that effectively forecasts changing consumer tastes and specifications and thereby greatly aids R&D team to design innovative car models. The general tone of the management’s comments points that the company is passing through an economic recovery phase, and the micro-macro environments of the Ford offers potential opportunities to the company for the upcoming years (Ford Motor Company). At the same time, intense market competition is

Sales Promotion Effect on Customer Buying Decision

Sales Promotion Effect on Customer Buying Decision Sales Promotion Effect on Customer Buying Decision at Supermarket: Example on several countries. Literature Review Sales Promotion According to Boddewyn Leardi (1989) the nature of sales promotion can be defined as: Techniques and devices commonly used on a temporary basis, to make goods and services more attractive to distributors or final customers by providing them with some additional benefit or inducement (incentive) or the expectations of such a benefit, whether in cash, in kind (nature) and/or services, whether immediately or at a later time, whether freely or conditionally.. There are three main contents in the sales promotion field: Customer promotion, Trade promotions and sales forces promotion (Smith, 1998). Specified in sales promotion, there are some sales promotional categories are: Rebate, Samples, Coupons, Bonus Pack. All of these tool being used as ways to promote profitability by stimulating the consumers to buy their products (Boddewyn and Leardi, 1989). Desire to buy the product or give at least a try on the product that the sellers want to present to the customer are the action of sales pro motion. Effective sales promoting can build up an good image of the brand and accomplish several purposes like increasing sales, building a customer databases, generating appearance on publicity (Smith, 1998). Accredited from John and William (1986) Sales promotion and Modern Merchandising,   the activities of sales promotion seem to be more effective than other types of advertising and personal selling. In addition, Joncos (1990) stated that sales promotion is more effective in any rival than any others marketing operation. According to Chandon, Wansink and Laurent (2000) the sales promotion satisfies the customer need of money saving, provide instant reward and can be considered a practical advantage for the consumers. Types of sales promotion Samples Samples are some test taster of the product, some are free and some are charged with a little amount to requite the loss of the company (Kotler et al., 2003). According to Clow and Baack (2007) free samples are a way of introducing a new product out on the market. Samples also are a very clever method to deliver the product to the customers so the product can be tested by the direct customers and affect their decision on buying the product in the future (Kardes, 1999). According to OGuinn, Allen and Semenik (2012) most of the company on consumer market using this method in some kinds, invest roughly $2.2 billion a year on this promoting routine. Lammers (1991) stated that there is a significant effect of sampling method on customer buying behavior and have good connection on fast selling practice. In addition, Shimp (2003) also indicate that sampling have a good effect on customer buying decision. Coupons Coupons is one of the most used practice by many marketers with the action of giving the customers a vouchers or certificate that reduce their spending on certain products utilitarian them financially later on and whenever in the future they want to purchase, like 25% discount from the actual price or a fixed amount like $5 per piece (Harmon and Hill, 2003). Robinson and Carnack (1997) indicated that coupon have been appeared for the trial period of the product. Customers are influenced by the value reduction on coupons; lead to a conclude that coupon is a smart tool (Peter and Olson, 1996) Kotler and Armstrong (2006) researched electronic in store coupon machines are a good tool to save customers buying history and based on that to offer coupon depend on past experience of buying and the current bill. Barat and Paswan (2005) stated that there are some possible negative effects of coupon issuing; manager should segmenting customer to introduce the details coupon on each cases. Reviewed Gilbert and Jackaria (2002) research shown that coupon have the least effect on product experimental. According to Wayne (2002) research about three coupon campaigns resulted in promoted products added incremental sales and other non-coupon purchases after. Price discount Fill (2000) indicated that price discount is the easiest method of reducing the price of the product that the percentage of the price discounted appears on the package of the product, offering a good price to persuading sales. Lessen the price on the given product or add more number of items to that product and use the same price to enhance value of the product and create an encouragement for the customer to purchase (Raghubir and Corfman, 1999). Some studies have proved that price discount method play an significant role in stimulating the client to try the product offered (Fill, 2002; Shimp, 2003). Price discounting create a seasonal sales peak, this activities usually attract the occasional clients on the similar brand more probable than getting new clients to buy the product, in addition, the periodic clients seem to get back to their best interested brand after the discount season (Ehrenberg et al, 1994). Ndubisi and Chiew (2006) stated that item trial has an association with price discount, it might be said that the first can be expanded by value reduction for any item. Price discount has a connect with other sales promotional tools in the relationship of affecting each other and persuading the customers to purchase the product, like coupons and sample (Gilbert and Jackaria, 2002; Huff and Alden, 1998). It likewise demonstrates that an extensive price reduction cost for any item that has happened amid the business season will be made by the merchants since buyers aware about the cost (Smith and Sinha, 2000) Buy one get one free According to Sinha Smith (2000) buy one get one free is one of the most commonly used advertising to promote products, in the sense that if you purchase a product, you will have a free product, by utilizing this procedure the client can be effectively pulled in to purchase the item with the fact that there is no extra cost and it ought to be more esteemed from the client point of view, therefore customer cant ignore such great deal. The extra bundles and additional items without cost motivate the client purchasing behavior to buy the product; since clients are getting positive emotion towards such offer particularly on the off chance that it is in substantial sizes bundles and properly publicized. This sales promotion method also benefits the sellers in speeding up the inventory clearance (Li, Sun Wang, 2007). Customer buying decision To clarify the customer buying decision part, clients usually have boundless demand to fulfill their needs and fulfillment to have something new. There have been a large literature had inspected customer buying decision and reported that there are a lot of issues reflect the consumer behavior buy or not to buy goods. Schiffman and Kanuk (2004) stated that there are four opinions for explaining consumer decision and behavior such as economic view which is outstand others view for making more impact on customer decision followed by passive view, emotional view and cognitive view, they also stated that consumer purchasing behavior reflected on how consumers choose what product they want and how that assessment going and its influence on next purchases. For instance, Customer buying behavior is the study of the procedures elaborate when persons or groups in the processes of select, purchase, use, or dispose of products, services, ideas, or experiences to pleased wants and needs (Solomon, 1983). Naimah and Tan (1999) specified that there are some aspects affect consumer buying decision such as the high ability to perform a purchase and the physical surrounding at the place of purchases. According to Smelser and Baltes (2001), our daily life activities mostly is about buying products, creating our behavior and experiencing services at the place such as shops, city center, shopping centers and so on, where some motivation range can be inspired. Kotler (2003) argued that social and economic factors can significantly affect the consumer choices like cultural and essential factors of consumer behavior. William (2002) social class has huge impact on buying assessment criteria. After that Yip (2003) indicated that the social class of a person can cause limited options when making a buying decision if their income is low. According to Loudon and Della Bitta (2004) consumer behavior studies play an significant part in determining marketing segments and marketing plans, they recommended that customer buying behavior is often being studied because certain debates that suggestively affecting the customers behavior and their predictable actions, for this motive customer behavior is supposed to be an practical discipline, they also designated that the core marketing activities to scheming an effective marketing plans need three items are market segmentation, customer decision making and purchasing behavior. Sales promotion effect on customer buying decision The impact of sales promotion on consumer buying behavior has been extensively specified in many investigates and studies, they have exposed that there are a lot of factors can affect customer purchasing behavior, willingly to buy the products or not (Nagar, 2009; Smelser and Baltes, 2001). According to Nijs, Dekimpe, Steenkamps and Hanssens (2001) sales promotions make a significantly impacts on consumers buying behavior in the field of product brand, purchase time, quantity and brand switching. Moreover, consumer purchase decisions occasionally can be founded on the price sensitivity; so consumers seem to be more attracted to promoted goods (Bridges, Briesch and Yim, 2006). According to Quelch (1989) sales promoting, resources and methods have radically increased in the recent years performed by marketers. Then Blattberg and Neslin (1990) admitted that sales promotion has a power on consumer buying behavior by concentrating on occasionally promotion. Schneider and Currim (1991) cla imed that customers accepting the promotion methods are built on the out and in store sales promotion. Later on Schultz (1998) directed that sales promotion has a straight effect on customers behaviors. Chandon, Wansink, and Laurent (2000) stated that there are more influencing factors in consumer buying behavior rather than just price discount. Pramataris (2001) said that sampling is a good method on sales promotion which has less charging rate and an operative tool to fascinate clients. Fill (2002) designated that sales promotion tools has a enormous impression on consumer purchasing behavior throughout any competition; therefore reduction the price one of these tools can resulted in customers choices. For instance, Pickton and Broderick (2005) researched in sales promotion can result in growing sales capacity but less revenue. Others researchers also agreed that sales promotions is targeting the influence on consumer buying behavior by presenting new brands   with the targ et of new customers who have no previous experience with it(Solomon, Marshall and Stuart, 2008; Kotler and Armstrong, 2004). Though, Esfahani and Jafarzadeh (2012) indicated that mental variables have an important association with sales promotion; therefore they concluded that there is no substantial bond between impulsive behavior and sales promotion. Rothschild and Gaidis (1981) provided a case on how sales promotions can be used as determining stimulus. In that case, a free sample has been given to the possible customers. Inside the product taster is a voucher offering a great discount, possessed for a future rebuy. The shaping procedures carry on at the point of rebuy (store). Products at retail stores will also bring coupons for the next purchases, inside the products bundle. For instance, both items (samples and products accessible for sale) offer a voucher for a future buy, the distinction between those two discounts is assessed by the amount of discount. The second discount assessed with a lesser total. The achievement the marketers want to achieve is to form the behavior of the buyer over various phases. Theoretical framework review Revised the theoretical framework from the research conducted by GilbertN and Jackaria(2002); Mittal and Sethi (2011); Shi, Cheung Prendergast (2005); Alimpic (2014). Reviewed that researches mentioned above using the model to show the influence of sales promotion tools such as, coupons, price discount, sample and buy one get one free on customers buying decision through many behaviors like brand switching, Purchase Acceleration, Stock Pilling, Product Trial, and Spending more money. The idea of the above researaches is to find out the relationship between the sales promotion tools and the buying behavior of the customers. Research Methodology This dissertation using deduction approaches to perform the research. Robson (2002) has itemized five stages to developing a deductive research as following: Firstly, develop a hypothesis showing the relationship between two or more notions or variables. Secondly, voicing the hypothesis in operational terms by representing exactly how the concepts are measured. Third part is, testing the hypothesis. Fourthly, investigate the possible outcome. Last but not least, modifying the theory if the findings necessary. The research using quantitative data research, gathering data through secondary mean, examines academic journal and previous empirical researches on sales promotion effect on customer buying decision in retail market. Proposed theoretical model   Ã‚   To satisfying the demand of conducting a research on sales promotions influences on customer buying decision the following theoretical model has been developed due to achieved the ideas from previous study. The model displays the effect of sales promotions tool: coupons, price discount, sample and buy one get one free on customer buying behavior: brand switching, Purchase Acceleration, Stock Pilling, Product Trial, and Spending more money. The theoretical model being drawn in figure 1 shows the relationship. After that the subsequent hypothesis have been shaped to response to the research question Figure 1: Conceptual framework for the impact of sales promotions tool affecting customer buying behavior Hypothesis 1: Coupon has substantial effect on customer buying behavior Hypothesis 2: Price discount has substantial effect on customer buying behavior Hypothesis 3: free sample has substantial effect on customer buying behavior Hypothesis 4: buy one get one free has substantial effect on customer buying behavior Limitations Findings To examines the hypothesis has been drawn, researcher used data and conclusion from four previous studies which have the same or equal research model to test the hypothesis and investigate the possible outcome of the studies Hypothesis 1: Coupon has substantial effect on customer buying behavior To test the hypothesis 1 the researcher used the study of Alimpic (2014): The effectiveness of sales promotion tools: customer perspective. The research method, sampling procedure of this research can be seen on Appendix A. The statistical number on this research is stated in Table 1. According to the result provided by the researcher, repeated measures ANOVA presented that there are no substantial alterations among   buying behaviors to coupons (Wilks lambda = 0.979, p > 0.05). The figure shown in Table 1 is 2,22 for brand switching; 2,18 for product trials; 2,28 on purchase acceleration; 2,16 for spending more out of 5 points maximum. This mean coupon method have no intention in making the customer to buy another brand that they do not regular buy, buying earlier, buy more or buy another product that they have never used before and not encouraging customer to spend more money to buy as well. To be more clarify that coupon does not lead the respondents to perform any of the p resented buying behaviors. Average points of coupons are 2.22 out of 5. Therefore, coupons have no substantial impact on customer buying behaviors. The first hypothesis: Coupon has substantial effect on customer buying behavior is rejected. This hypothesis also confirmed by other researchers on their researches (Gilbert and Jackaria, 2002; Ndubisi and Chew, 2006; Osman and Chan Yin Fah, 2011) Hypothesis 2: Price discount has substantial effect on customer buying behavior To test the hypothesis 2 the researcher used the study conducted by Mittal and Sethi (2011):The Effectiveness of Sales Promotion Tools among Indian Consumers: An Empirical Study. The research method, respondents profile, and others relating to this research can be seen on Appendix B. The statistical data after analyzed on this research for price discount have been stated in Table 2.   Acquired the figure from the table provided; Brand switching with 2.85; Purchase acceleration at 2.75; Stock Piling at 2.72; Product Trial at 2.96 and Spend more money at 3.73 It can be seen clearly that there are two groups of behaviors responses, the first group included brand switching, purchase acceleration, stock piling, and product trial; the second group is spend more money than monthly budgeted. According to the first group, price discount seem to be more effective in inducing costumers to buy products from another brand that they not regular buy, buy the product earlier due to the discou nt are available at the time of purchases, price discount encouraged buyers to buy more than expected for the reason that might be because of the reduced price, and consumers also like to try new product that they never bought before when a price discount is on. The second group seems to be less successful because price discount might not be the reason for spending more money than monthly budget. Despite the bad response on spend more money but price discount appear to be very effective on buying behaviors. So the second hypothesis Price discount has substantial effect on customer buying behavior is approved.   Ã‚   Hypothesis 3: Free sample has substantial effect on customer buying behavior To test the hyphothesis 3 the researcher used again the study conducted by Alimpic (2014). The research method, respondents profile, and others relating to this research can be seen on Appendix B. The statistical data after analyzed on this research for Free sample have been stated in Table 1. Achieved the means from the resulted provided by Alimpic (2014): Brand switching at 2.54; Purchase acceleration at 2.46; Stockpiling at 2.19; Product trial at 2.59 and spending more money at 2.18. According to the note given on the table, 5 is the highest level which is strongly agreed; which mean under 3 is slightly disagree with the statements. For instance, in this data collected and analyze numerically by Alimpic (2014) free sample have no substantial impact towards all behavior responses. To clarify more about this, there are two groups can be seen clearly that there is a group slightly better than the other group; first group is brand switching, purchase acceleration and product trial; th e second group which are buy more and spend more have the least influences. But after all the overall proportion still under neutral and this hypothesis is rejected. Hypothesis 4: There is a substantial relationship between buy one get one free and costumer buying behavior To test the hypothesis 4, the researcher used the study conducted by Shi, Cheung Prendergast (2005): Behavioral response to sale promotion tools: A Hong Kong Study The research method, respondents profile, and others relating to this research can be seen on Appendix C. The statistical data after analyzed on this research for price discount have been stated in Table 3. The statistic for buy one get one free towards different customer buying behavior are collected and analyzed under the scale of 7. For each category we have: buy one get one free toward brand switching at 3.89; purchase acceleration at 4.86; Stockpiling at 5.01; Product trial at 3.69 and spend more money at 4.58. Overall the result seems really good in some behavioral response. The most significant impact of buy one get one free is on stock piling; after that purchase acceleration at; the third one is spend more money to buy the product; the fourth and the last are brand switching and product trial. The average points toward 5 behaviors for buy one get one free is 4.41, that is over 4 points in a 7 scales that means there are good responses to buy one get one free. To extent the problems, the possible problem that causing brand switching   not so successful on buy one get one free is because of the customers might not know much about that product, so the method might not fit in some circumstance, the same possible explanation for product trial as well. Despite that, the hypothesis 4 buy one get one free has substantial effect on customer buying behavior is accepted.

Lesson Review Essay

1. Why would killing Lucy, Mina, or any other vampire have been considered a merciful act of euthanasia? They are becoming monsters and they wouldn’t want to hurt anyone. By killing them, you are putting them out of their misery. Euthanasia is merciful killing. By killing a vampire, you are not only preventing them being miserable because of what they become and preventing their future victims from misery. 2. Explain the difference between physiognomy and phrenology. Physiognomy is the practice of determining a persons characteristics by their facial structure. Phrenology is the practice of determining a persons characteristics based on the amount of space they have in certain parts of their brain. 3. How does the poem â€Å"Totentanz† represent the recurring theme in Goethe’s works, that mankind should not meddle with the activities of the supernatural? (What happens to the man in the poem?) The warder picks up one of the skeletons shrouds and so that skeleton does not go back in the grave like the others. The skeleton chases him up to the bell tower and just as he was about to kill him, god saved the warder. The skeleton crashes down into pieces. 4. Which vampire hunter has died during the mission to kill the Count? How do Jonathan and Mina honor this deceased character? Quincy was very injured and died. He lived long enough to see Dracula live, though. Jonathan and Mina honors Quincys death by naming their son Quincy. 5. What do you think a man should look like, sound like, and behave like if he is going to play the role of Count Dracula in a film or a play? I think that his voice has to be smooth, soothing, and very seducing. His hair has to be black and be in great contrast to pale skin. The eyes are very Important. They have to be piercing yet beautiful. He must behave sly yet be very polite. In order to play the role of Dracula, the person has to have a lot of contradicting characteristics.

US Economy

The Jan aura release of the most current GAP became available showing that the fourth quarter GAP was 4. 1 . While with recent government regulation they lowered the first quarter GAP to 2. 5 percent. However, following the report will include a statement about my personal prediction for the remainder of the 2014 fiscal year using sets of very complex variables and skilled opinions. Unemployment Rating: The unemployment rate in the United States as anticipated by the IIS Federal Bureau of Economic Analysis is around 6. 7 percent as of the beginning of the 2014 in February as demonstrated on the graph pictured above.This number s estimated using the numbers given for persons in the United States that have been actively looking for job opportunities as a percentage of the labor force. This number has been gradually decreasing since July 201 2 and will continue to decline as the job market continues to expand with new technologies and education. Although, during the holiday seasons the unemployment always goes down, but as soon as they end, such as after Christmas and thanksgiving the number increases by almost 2 percent. The number of federal employees in 201 2 decreased to almost 22 million jobs which is . Percent less than the year before. Due to the fact that these numbers are only compiled every five years, this . 5 percent decrease is quite shocking to many people. These employees include policemen, nurses, and teachers along with many more. While the number of unemployment among the youth continues to increase, the percentage of adult men and women without health insurance will also continue to rise with the execution of Obama care. Unemployment Rate February 2014 Month/Month Year/Year National 6. 7% +0. 1 Florida 6. 2% 0. -17 As shown in the chart above, the unemployment rate of Florida is demonstrated versus the rest of the United States. Governor of Florida, Rick Scott announced that Florist's statewide unemployment rate for May 2013 dropped to 7. 1 perc ent, the lowest rate since September 2008. Florist's rate was down O. 1 percentage point from Aprils rate of 7. 2 percent and continues to fall below the national average, which went up to 7. 6 percent in May. As Florida continue to distance itself from the national unemployment rate it is clear that the state government will succeed in growing opportunities for Florida families.Due to the incredible successes that Florida communities had experienced, Florist's unemployment rate is well below the national average. Gross Domestic product (GAP)I The gross domestic product (GAP) measures of national income and output for a given country's economy. The gross domestic product (GAP) is equal to the total expenditures for all final goods and services produced within the country in a stipulated period often. The Gross Domestic Product (GAP) in the Lignite States was worth 15684. 80 billion US dollars in 2012. The GAP value of the United States represents 25. 30 percent of the world economy. GAP in the United States is reported by the The World Bank Group. From 1960 until 201 2, the united states GAP averaged 5725. 9 USED Billion reaching n all time high of 1 5684. 8 USED Billion in December of 2012 and a record low of 520. 5 USED Billion in December of 1960. At the beginning of the first quarter of 2014 the GAP was 2. 4 percent due to the recent government sanctions to promote businesses and services locally instead of internationally. Although, the US Federal Bureau of Economic Analysis states that the United States represents 25. 30 percent of the world's economy.The increase in real GAP in 201 3 primarily reflected positive contributions from personal consumption expenditures (PACE), exports, residential fixed investment, nonresidential fixed investment, and private inventory investment that were partly offset by a negative contribution from federal government spending The deceleration in real GAP growth in 201 3 primarily reflected a deceleration in nonresidential fixed investment, a larger decrease in federal government spending, and decelerations in PACE and in exports that were partly offset by a deceleration in imports and a smaller decrease in state and local government spending.